![]() ![]() To "factor out" the effects of tadpole mass. The only difference is in accounting forĮxamples: Suppose you perform an experiment in which tadpoles are raised atĭifferent temperatures, and you wish to study adult frog size. One covariable C, is a correlation between the residuals of the regression of A on C and B on C. The simplest case, a partial correlation between two variables, A and B, with Such variablesĪre called "covariables", and an analysis which factors out theirĮffects is called a "partial analysis". Sometimes you have one or more independent variables which are not of interest,īut you have to account for them when doing further analyses. Holm's method for correcting for multiple comparisons is less well-known,Īnd is also less conservative (see Legendre and Legendre, Observed p-value by the number of tests you perform. Test is very conservative, and the Scheffe test isįor the Bonferroni test, you simply multiply each There are ways to adjust for the problem of multiple comparison, the mostįamous being the Bonferroni test and the Scheffe test. If you had 20 independent tests, you would falsely reject at least one H 0ġ-(1-.05) 20 = 0.6415, or almost 2/3 of the time. Had two independent tests, you would falsely reject at least one H 0ġ-(1-.05) 2 = 0.0975, or almost 10% of the time. If H 0 isĪlways true, then you would reject it 5% of the time. The likelihood of falsely rejecting the null hypothesis. The more variables youĪdd, the more you erode your ability to test the model (e.g. The degrees of freedom in a multiple regression equals N-k-1, where k is the number of variables. Points, then you can fit the points exactly with a polynomial of degree N-1. The same holds true for polynomial regression. Packages provide "Adjusted R 2," which allows you toĬompare regressions with different numbers of variables. More variables you have, the higher the amount of variance you can explain.Įven if each variable doesn't explain much, adding a large number of variablesĬan result in very high values of R 2. ![]() The following is an example SYSTAT output of a multiple regression: Dep Var: LOGSP N: 1412 Multiple R: 0.7565 Squared multiple R: 0.5723 Adjusted squared multiple R: 0.5717 Standard error of estimate: 0.2794 Effect Coefficient Std Error Std Coef Tolerance t P(2 Tail) CONSTANT 2.4442 0.0345 0.0. Independent variable which is quite redundant with other independent variables Variation explained by the other variables". Variable does not explain any of the variation in y, beyond the The null hypothesis is: "This independent The significance tests are conditional: This means given all the other Variable of interest and the residuals from the regression, if the variable Standardized coefficient is handy: it equals the value of r between the a standardized regression coefficient ( b if all."Adjusted multiple R 2" which will be discussedįor each variable, the following is usually provided: Of significance, and a "multiple R 2" - which isĪctually the value of r 2 for the measured y 's vs. However, the matrix solution is elegant:Īs with simple regression, the y-intercept disappears if all variablesĪlong with a multiple regression comes an overall test The estimation can still be done according the principles of linear least Line to data, we are now fitting a plane (for 2 independent variables), a space The model for a multiple regression takes the form:Īnd we wish to estimate the ß 0, ß 1, ß 2,Īre termed the "regression coefficients". Is still not considered a "multivariate" test because Problem with this is that you are putting some variables in privileged positions.Ī multiple regression allows the simultaneous testing and modeling of Variable, and then test whether a second independent variable is related to the One possible solution is to perform a regression with one independent The ageĮffect might override the diet effect, leading to a regression for diet which ![]() ForĮxample, an animal's mass could be a function of both age and diet. ![]() Possible that the independent variables could obscure each other's effects. We could perform regressions based on the following models:Īnd indeed, this is commonly done. Is related to more than one independent variable (e.g. However, we are often interested in testing whether a dependent variable (y) Of the squared (vertical) distances between the data points and theĬorresponding predicted values is minimized. "predicted values" or "y-hats", as estimated by the The green crosses are the actual data, and the red squares are the CCA is a special kind of multiple regression)īelow represents a simple, bivariate linear regression on a hypothetical data ![]()
0 Comments
![]() ![]() ![]() Cosmopolis, once a mighty array of metal and glass, lies shattered in ruins and flooded. You wake up on an overgrown skyscraper roof - not a living soul in sight. “We have arranged several playtests with our community and implemented a system of bug reporting and feedback review pipeline, so we’d like to invite our players to share their feedback or suggestions with us in Discord: ” How are you planning on involving the Community in your development process? Therefore, the price tag will most likely be raised on the full release when the game will have more content compared to the Early Access version.” “We would like to put a reasonable price tag for both the Early Access players and the players that will purchase v1. Will the game be priced differently during and after Early Access? “The initial Early Access version of the game will include a part of the main story campaign and more of the sandbox activities.” What is the current state of the Early Access version? ![]() There are several possible paths that I Am Future might take from here, and we are going to listen carefully to what our players say before focusing on the specific direction.” More specific features and content will depend on the feedback we receive from the community during the Early Access stage. The full game will be an extended version of the Early Access experience, having more places to explore, more rooftops, and additional features like automation. We’re going to implement a part of the story campaign, and bring more of the experience that demo players enjoyed - such as the ability to spend a lot of time in the sandbox doing your favorite activities. “During the Early Access, we will continue to implement the core features, add more content, and focus on fixing bugs. How is the full version planned to differ from the Early Access version? Our approach would rather be to underpromise and overdeliver rather than vice versa.” “We wouldn’t like to keep the game in Early Access for too long, but we also need to make sure that the full version is ready and stable before the launch. Eventually, we’d like to have a fulfilling sandbox with a lot of game systems that can grant a lot of playtime.”Īpproximately how long will this game be in Early Access? We believe that keeping that kind of connection with our community will be beneficial for the further stages of development and will allow us to release an exciting game for our players. We arranged several playtests and received valuable feedback from our public demo players. “Since the beginning of the I Am Future development, we have relied heavily on our community. ![]() ![]() ![]() Top with a big dollop of buttercream – spread evenly using a straight-edge spatula. Two layers – Place a cake layer on the cake board or cake stand.Pro tip -if you plan to move the cake again, it is best to use a cake circle under the cake, so you can pick the cake with its base and without any accidents. Brush each layer with the cooled simple syrup. Level, moisten – Using a bread knife or cake leveler cut the domes off the cake layers.These will keep the cake moist for longer. Syrup – Prepare simple syrup to moisten the cake layers.Mermaid Buttercream Cake Recipe & Tutorial Stacking the cake The rest can be colored with gel food coloring – I used turquoise, purple, fuchsia, and pink. Place the colored buttercream in piping bags without tips. Divide – Use 3 cups of buttercream for filling between the layers.Pro tip – do not skip on the whipping as this is what will give us that whipped cream-like consistency. Whip until you have a light and fluffy, creamy velvety texture very similar to whipped cream. Butter – Once all the butter is in – run the mixer on high for about 3 to 5 minutes more.Pro tip – the mixture at the moment will be very dry and crumbly but continue to combine. Powdered Sugar – Next, gradually start adding the remaining powdered sugar in two batches.Pro tip – we make a meringue first this is what makes this buttercream different from other American buttercream recipes. Whip starting on low speed until you have a thick, light, and sticky mixture. Meringue – In the bowl of a stand mixer with the paddle attachment, combine the meringue powder, heavy cream, and approximately two cups of powdered sugar.Chilling cakes before frosting makes them easier to handle with fewer crumbs and breakage.īuttercream Frosting Recipe – Velvet American Frosting Pro tip – keeping the cakes in the pan for longer will make them soggy with the steam. When cooled, wrap each cake in plastic wrap and let chill in the fridge for at least 4 hours. Cool – Once baked, cool in the cake tins on a cooling rack for 10 minutes then invert cakes from the baking pans and cool completely.Pro tip – Rotate the pans between baking time (after 20 mins) top to bottom racks and vice versa. Bake – Place the pans on the middle rack and bake for 30 to 35 minutes or until a skewer inserted in the center comes out clean.Note – I divided the batter into 4 bowls and colored each in shades of pink (my daughter’s request was pink inside) before I create a tie-dye kinda effect. I used cake strips to ensure I had flat cakes with no domes. Pans – Divide this batter between the four baking pans.Mermaid Buttercream Cake Recipe & Tutorial Pro tip – Combine the buttermilk and sour cream together – use a whisk to ensure no lumps – set aside. Scraping the sides of the bowl when necessary. ![]() Combine – Next, add the flour mixture along with the buttermilk and sour cream in three or four batches.Pro tip – adding the oil gradually will help the oil emulsify with the eggs similar to mayonnaise. Oil – Next, gradually add the oil while whipping continuously.Pro tip – adding the sugar gradually will prevent the eggs from separating. Gradually add the sugar a little at a time and continue to whip until the eggs are light and foamy or ribbon stage Eggs – In the bowl of a stand mixer with a whisk attachment on medium speed whip the whole eggs for 2 minutes.Dry ingredients – Combine flour, baking powder, baking soda, and salt – set aside.Grease and line with parchment paper 4 x 7-inch round cake pans (or 3 x 8-inch round cake pans).Preheat the oven at 165☌/325☏/ Gas Mark 3.These days you can also find candy shaped like fish, mermaid tails, shells, and other maid theme candy. Alternatively, you can also use silicone molds for the tails, shells, and other ocean-themed decorations. Mermaid cake decorations – I’ve made simple free hand-shaped mermaid tails which you can do by watching the video.See my list of 30 plus buttercream recipes here. But, any other buttercream icing would work just as well. Frosting – It’s summer, so I am using my velvet American buttercream.And yet, you can also use any of my other layer cake recipes. Cake – I have given you an oiled-based vanilla cake recipe below, which is light and airy.There are three main components to the cake. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() You can share or download a PDF of your invoice with the click of a button. Get Shareable and Printable Online Invoice In One Go We'll fill out your entire client information (phone, email, address) as you start typing the client name. The same applies to your clients and items. The next time you want to create an invoice, the invoice template will automatically be filled with all of your relevant information. The invoice generator will even use predictive text to autofill client information such as phone number, email address, and mailing address as you type the client’s name. The next time you create an invoice, the invoice template will automatically fill in all of your relevant business information, items, and client information. The first time you use the Invoice Simple invoice generator, you’ll see a blank invoice template. Benefits of Using an Invoice Generator Saving you from retyping information If you want to know how much you've invoiced over a certain period you'll have to open up every single file and manually add up the totals.Įach extra minute you spend doing this administrative work is time and money lost.It's a hassle to organize and find old Invoices.You end up copying or re-typing client and item details despite sending the same client an invoice in the past.You need to duplicate and rename your original file every time you want to make a new Invoice.You may initially start out using a simple excel or word invoice template, but when you get to making your second or third invoice you'll realize that you're wasting a lot of your time on repetitive tasks. For example, write your account number and bank name if clients are supposed to pay via a direct transfer.Īlternatives to Using an Invoice Generator You can also add your preferred payment method here, whether it’s cheque, cash, bank transfer, PayPal, or credit card. These penalties can include late fees or additional charges. It’s important to clearly state the consequences of either party breaking this agreement. The standard payment terms can vary by industry, your company’s policy, or previous history with the customer. The terms and conditions of payment on an invoice is the part most frequently overlooked. Some of these elements are necessary, while others are extra or used only for customization. The notification is useful for following up with clients to confirm payment. If you email your invoice directly from Invoice Simple, you will receive a notification when your customer views the invoice. Then, check in on the status of your sent invoice. The client simply clicks on the link or the attachment to see the invoice. You can include a link to your invoice in the email or send them a PDF of the invoice as an attachment. Our invoice generator gives you two easy options to send an invoice.įirst, compose an email to your client. Once your first invoice is complete, you’ll need to learn how to send it to your client. Customize your invoice by adding a logo and selecting your brand color.Write payment instructions and terms in Notes section.If applicable, enter the tax rate, type of currency, and discount amount.Add each line item, along with a description, rate, and quantity.Fill out your client’s details in the For section, including name, email, and address.Add your company details in the From section, including the name, phone number, and address.The first time you create an invoice, you'll need to add some information to the blank invoice template. Below, we’ll dive into how you can customize your invoice to be unique to your business. These step by step instructions will show you how to create an invoice that includes all the standard elements of a professional invoice. How to make an invoice using the invoice generator ![]() ![]() If you're unsure about the error code, refer to the error types below and the instructions to resolve it. This error may occur when there are issues with digital rights management (DRM) for protected content. To resolve this, see Troubleshoot problems with the Windows Media Player app. This error is often associated with problems during the installation or updating of Windows Media Player. ![]() This error indicates issues with playing or downloading the media file often due to network connectivity or problems with the server hosting the media content. To resolve this, see Troubleshoot playback problems with Windows Media Player. ![]() This error may occur when there's an issue with the playback of media files. To resolve this, see how to fix outdated or corrupted codecs.ĠxC00D0BC2, 0xC00D36FA, 0xC00D10B3 & 0xC00D1059 For example, C00D11B1 is a common codec-related error. These errors typically occur when there is a problem with audio or video codecs. The following list outlines error codes and potential causes associated with Windows Media Player errors. This article aims to provide guidance on troubleshooting common Windows Media Player errors. While it is a reliable and widely used application, users may encounter errors and issues from time to time. You'll need to be prepared to dismiss them if you decide you only want the video player.Windows Media Player is a built-in multimedia player that comes with Windows. Just be aware that the download comes with several additional programs bundled in the installer. GOM Player also supports screencast, so you can connect your computer to your television or a projector and play on a larger screen. The player is compatible with synchronous subtitles, and you can even import entire playlists using a file type such as *.pls or *.asx. The settings for tweaking video playback aren’t quite as extensive as what you’ll find in other software options, but they’re much friendlier to use when you’re just getting started with the video player.Īmong the best free video players right now, it comes with a wide variety of codecs, but it also has a searchable codec library so you can play back just about any type of clip. The software can handle 360-degree and 8K videos, as well as offers the option to play Youtube videos on your desktop. GOM Player offers a lot of advanced functionality for playing back videos. ![]() There’s a significant learning curve to accessing and applying some of the more advanced features. The only major big downside to note about VLC Media Player is that the interface hides a lot of these tools. VLC Media Player also works with synchronous subtitles, which is helpful for watching movies with the sound turned off. You can tweak your video settings to improve the playback or audio quality, as well as add filters to change the look of individual clips. This free video player also offers an impressive array of tools and controls. The real challenge isn’t getting files to play with VLC Media Player – it’s finding videos that this software won’t play. This extremely versatile software can play 360-degree videos, movies and clips up to 8K resolution, and videos in compressed file formats. VLC Media Player is the go-to free video player if you’re looking for software that can handle whatever videos you throw at it. ![]() ![]() ![]() Abstract graphic symbols must be devised that depict, with minimal ambiguity, the quantities and qualities that give locations their meaning. Representing the attributes of locations on maps is sometimes not so straightforward, however. Notwithstanding the intricacies of map projections, it is a fairly straightforward matter to plot points that stand for locations on the globe. Thematic maps are among the most common forms of geographic information produced by GIS.Ī flat sheet of paper is an imperfect, but useful, analog for geographic space. Maps created specifically to highlight the distribution of a particular phenomenon or theme are called thematic maps. Many maps, however, are subsets of available geographic data that have been selected and organized in response to a particular question. ![]() All maps, but especially so-called reference maps made to support a variety of uses, can be defined as sets of symbols that represent the locations and attributes of entities measured at certain times. Maps are both the raw material and the product of GIS. In this chapter, we'll take a closer look at how attributes are measured and represented. I mentioned, but did not explain, that attribute data also are specified with reference to measurement scales. Coordinate systems, remember, are formed by juxtaposing two or more spatial measurement scales. This map is based on data from the 2011 South African census.In Chapter 2, we compared the characteristics of geographic and plane coordinate systems that are used to measure and specify positions on the Earth's surface. Mapping South Africa with Dot Distribution shows the racial distribution of the population across South Africa and also the first languages spoken by every citizen. There are over 190 million dots on the map, with each dot colored to show the person's race. Each dot on this map represents one Brazilian. The Racial Dot of Brazil is a Google Map showing the racial distribution of the Brazilian population. The University of Virginia's Racial Dot Map of America was also the inspiration for a number of other dot maps visualizing the racial distribution of populations in other countries. On Esri's map each colored dot equals 24 people. This allows you to see which racial groups now mostly live in neighborhoods which were deemed at risk for lending purposes by the Home Owners' Loan Corporation.Įsri's Race and Ethnicity in the US by Dot Density also uses the 2020 census to visualize the racial distribution of the U.S. For example you can view the 2020 census data overlaid on top of redlining maps from the 1930s. If you switch between the 20 census data you can see how the racial mix and population densities haveĬhanged at the neighborhood level.All of US also includes a number of interesting base map options. Is a racial dot map which allows you to compare population data from the 20 US censuses.Zoom in close on this 'dot' map and the colored dots even become Wee People.Īll of US allows you to compare how the population density and racial mix of neighborhoods has changed over the last decade, since the 2010 census. The data is mapped to the census tract level and the locations of the dots are randomized within each tract. Each colored dot on CNN's map represents 150 people from a particular race or ethnic group. The interactive map in Race and ethnicity across the nation uses colored dots to visualize the population density and racial mix of every neighborhood in the country. Since the release of data from the 2020 census a number of new racial dot maps have been released.ĬNN has used the 2020 census data to create their own racial dot map of America. However there is no need to despair as there are alternative racial dot maps available. Unfortunately the university says that a new map is currently "beyond our organization’s financial and personnel resources." The release of the 2020 census data means that the map no longer provides the most accurate story of race in America. ![]() The Racial Dot Map used data from the 2010 census. In a statement announcing the map's removal the Demographics Research Group at the University of Virginia stated that there are several reasons why the map has now been ended.Chief among these reasons is that the map is now out of date. ![]() After 9 years the popular interactive map, visualizing the distribution of race and ethnicity in the US, has finally come to an end. The University of Virginia's Racial Dot Map of America has been taken off-line. ![]() ![]()
![]() An atom is the smallest unit of an element that can participate in a chemical change. All matter is composed of atoms atoms of the same element are the same, and atoms of different elements are different atoms combine in whole-number ratios to form compounds. Matter is composed of exceedingly small particles called atoms. The basics of the atomic theory are that atoms are the smallest units of chemical matter. Here are the postulates of Dalton’s atomic theory. Modern atomic theory is the best explanation atomic physicists have for how atoms look and behave. For example, argon and calcium are different elements with the same atomic mass (40 AMU). The Bohr model and all of its successors describe the properties of atomic electrons in terms of a set of allowed (possible) values. First published in 1807, many of Dalton’s hypotheses about the microscopic features of matter are still valid in modern atomic theory. One of the postulates of Dalton’s atomic theory states that atoms of different elements have different masses, but the atomic mass of two elements has been found to be the same. ![]() Previously, we defined an atom as the smallest part of an element that maintains the identity of that element. The Bohr model of the atom, a radical departure from earlier, classical descriptions, was the first that incorporated quantum theory and was the predecessor of wholly quantum-mechanical models. 1 ), is a fundamental concept that states that all elements are composed of atoms. \)) More important, by measuring the extent of the deflection of the cathode rays in magnetic or electric fields of various strengths, Thomson was able to calculate the mass-to-charge ratio of the particles. The modern atomic theory, proposed about 1803 by the English chemist John Dalton (Figure 4.2.1 4.2. ![]() ![]() ![]() I just copied them into a duplicate text file in case I want to use them again later. Note that only 6 will display at a time, so you will need to overwrite preexisting ones. Note that you will need to make the "personas" folder available to "Users" in security in order to save, at least without a lot of unnecessary extra work, to the folder.Īfter doing this you will need to edit the personas_list.txt with the desired themes. Using this guide I found out where the theme folder was and made my own colors by duplicating one of the theme folders, and editing the 3 images in Paint 3D using the same Hex colors as the ones I wanted in Libre. Is there no way to get a decent dark theme in LibreOfiice? I looked online to see if anyone had better themes to download, but maybe the functionality to create and install themes doesn't exist, because I couldn't find any. ![]() It reminds me of clunky mid-90s interfaces. ![]() And the with the sliders, drop downs, and other interface items unchanged from the regular interface, it looks like a jumble of different interfaces. But the toolbars are still too bright and have enough white in the gradient to defeat the point of a "dark mode". The only part that looks decent is that I applied the "Breeze" dark icon set. I looked up suggestions on how to get a dark mode for LibreOffice, and it seems the only way is to change the theme to the dark grey gradient available under Tools->Options->Personalization, and set the "Application Background" and "Document Background" to dark color (I chose black for both). ![]() ![]() The new Members' area allows you view details of your membership and your payments as well as requesting amendments. Please login or register for the Members' area. Prince Charles Edward, 2 nd Duke of Albany became the reigning duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha on his Uncle Alfred’s death in 1900.LOGIN TO MEMBERS' AREA LOGIN TO THE MEMBERS' AREA REGISTER FOR THE MEMBERS' AREA Queen Victorias Family Tree Prince Edward died on January 23, 1820, when his daughter was less than a year old. The next heir was the son of Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany. Alfred’s only son predeceased him in 1899, and the next male heirs in line, Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and his son Prince Arthur of Connaught, both renounced their rights to the duchy. ![]() Rather than have a personal union, as there had been between Hanover and Great Britain, he renounced his rights to Saxe-Coburg-Gotha in favour of his brother Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, became the reigning duke in 1894. Her son King Edward VII was the first British monarch of the house of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, through his father being a duke of Saxony and prince of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.Īs Ernest II had no children, Victoria and Albert’s eldest son (the future Edward VII) was the heir to the duchy. Leopold, Duke of Albany, married Princess Helena of Waldeck-Pyrmont and Beatrice married Prince Henry of Battenberg and became his Princess. She was the only daughter of Edward, Duke of Kent, fourth son of George III. Queen Victoria was the last monarch of the house of Hanover on the British throne. ![]() The personal union of Hanover and Great Britain ended in 1837: Salic law barred women inheriting the throne of Hanover. New York, London, Bombay and Calcutta: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1909. His father Ernest was the reigning Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha until his death in 1844, when he was succeeded by his eldest son Ernest II (Prince Albert’s elder brother). An Advanced History of Great Britain : From the Earliest Times to the Death of Queen Victoria. Later that morning the Privy Council was impressed by the graceful assurance of the new queen’s demeanour. Prince Albert of Saxe Coburg Gotha was a duke of Saxony and a prince of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha when he married Queen Victoria on 10 February 1840. Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Franz August Karl Albert Emanuel 26 August 1819 14 December 1861) was the husband and consort of the British monarch, Queen Victoria.They were married from 10 February 1840 until his death in 1861. Victoria - Queen, United Kingdom, Accession: In the early hours of June 20, 1837, Victoria received a call from the archbishop of Canterbury and the lord chamberlain and learned of the death of William IV, third son of George III. The House of Windsor as we know it today. Queen Victoria and her family were seen by the public as a harmonious and happy image of domestic life. Was it Wipper or Wettin, Welf or Guelph? (Wettin was the name of the Saxon royal house and Welf or Guelph was the name of the Hanoverian royal house.) If it were to be changed to remove any German associations what should the new name be? Ties to GermanyĬommonly called the house of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha the actual name of the family was Wettin. A comprehensive whos who of the royal family, from the first Windsors to Princess Lilibet, and every cousin in between. ![]() ![]() There had been some dispute and confusion over what the name of the royal house actually was, since it had never been used publically, either officially or unofficially. The proclamation was issued from Buckingham Palace on 17 July 1917. In July 1917 King George V issued a proclamation renouncing all German titles and dignities for himself and his descendants, and changed the name of the royal house and family to the house and family of Windsor.Īll descendants in the male line of Queen Victoria, except daughters who had married, or were to marry, were also to have the new name of Windsor. Royal proclamation of 17 July 1917 (catalogue reference: HO 45/13695) ![]() |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |